時間：2022-11-18 10:18:21 作者：宇揚翻譯
在政府工作報告和其他各種正式文件中常出現(xiàn)“開展”這一詞語，譯成英語時該如何表達呢？
根據(jù)2021年12月發(fā)布的《中國的出口管制》白皮書：“開展非政府間交流、學(xué)術(shù)研究、民間國際交往活動”譯為“have held non-governmental exchanges, conducted academic research, and engaged in international people-to-people interactions”。由此可見，“開展”一詞并非固定與英語的某個詞相對應(yīng)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)情況靈活選用不同的且合適的英語詞語來表達。
以下再舉幾例說明詞語活用的情形。
例如：
有序開展對外投資合作
carry out outbound investment and international cooperation in a well-regulated way
深入開展航天國際交流合作
carry out in-depth exchanges and cooperation in outer space
例如：
全方位開展中國特色大國外交
conduct major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts
開展航天領(lǐng)域人員交流與培訓(xùn)
conduct personnel exchanges and training in the space industry
例如：
中國將積極開展應(yīng)對氣候變化國際合作，共同推進經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型。
China will also actively engage in international cooperation on climate and jointly work for a complete transition to a greener economy and society.
例如：
中國深入開展雙邊出口管制、防擴散交流與合作。
China is deeply involved in bilateral exchanges and cooperation on export controls and non-proliferation.
例如：
中國將擔(dān)當(dāng)大國責(zé)任，履行國際義務(wù)和承諾，開展出口管制交流與合作，同各國一道，推進國際出口管制治理健康發(fā)展，為構(gòu)建人類命運共同體作出積極貢獻。
China will shoulder its due responsibilities as a major country by fulfilling its international obligations and commitments, by participating in exchanges and cooperation on export controls, and by joining forces with all other countries to build sound international export control governance as part of a global community of shared future.
例如：
在全黨開展黨史學(xué)習(xí)教育
organize Party-wide activities to study Party history
自2007年起，每年7月20日開展“全國特奧日”活動。
Since 2007, China has been organizing activities to popularize National Special Olympics Day, which falls on July 20 every year.
例如：
開展抗擊疫情人民戰(zhàn)爭、總體戰(zhàn)、阻擊戰(zhàn)
launch an all-out people’s war to stop the spread of the virus
廣泛開展全民健身活動
launch extensive public fitness initiatives
例如：
深入開展健康中國行動和愛國衛(wèi)生運動，倡導(dǎo)文明健康生活方式。
We will further advance the Healthy China Initiative and patriotic health campaigns and promote sound, healthy lifestyles.
例如：
科學(xué)開展大規(guī)模國土綠化行動
Large-scale greening programs will be rolled out in a well-planned way.
例如：
繼續(xù)組織開展“中國航天日”系列活動
continue to hold events to celebrate Space Day of China
開展非政府間交流
hold non-governmental exchanges
例如：
積極開展衛(wèi)星應(yīng)急監(jiān)測和服務(wù)
actively provide satellite emergency monitoring services
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